New research from the University of Stirling could help reshape strategies to control salmon lice, after scientists identified key differences in the proteins secreted by the parasite during its early life stage.
The study, conducted at the university’s Institute of Aquaculture in collaboration with the Moredun Research Institute, focused on the larval (copepodid) stage of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Researchers compared secretory proteins produced by larvae with those found in adult lice and identified 143 proteins present only in the early stage.
These proteins are believed to play a crucial role in helping the parasite infect host fish such as Atlantic salmon by evading immune responses. Among them are serpins — previously observed in terrestrial parasites like ticks — which are known to suppress host defences.
Salmon lice are a major challenge for the aquaculture industry, costing more than £1 billion annually and impacting fish health, welfare, and product value. Existing treatments can be costly and may have environmental or welfare implications, highlighting the need for more targeted and sustainable solutions.
Lead researcher Alexander Dindial said the findings provide valuable insight into parasite biology and could support the development of vaccines or other early-stage interventions. Co-supervisor Sean Monaghan added that the identified proteins represent promising candidates for future control strategies.
The study, published in the journal Veterinary Parasitology, was funded by EastBio and forms part of ongoing research into improving fish health and sustainable aquaculture production.
